Seekhein
Loan aur credit shabdkosh
Loan lete samay milne wale shabd, ek-do lines mein aasaan bhasha mein. Poori jaankari ke liye link par jaayein.
A
- Account Aggregator (AA)
- RBI se licence praapt NBFC jo aapki consent se aapka financial data, jaise bank statements, encrypt karke bank se lender tak pahunchati hai. Yeh data padh ya rakh nahi sakti. Account Aggregator kya hai →
- Amortisation schedule
- Ek table jo har EMI mein batati hai ki kitna byaaj mein gaya, kitna principal mein aur kitna bakaya bacha. EMI kaise nikale →
- APR (Annual Percentage Rate)
- Byaaj aur fees mila kar loan ki poori saalana cost, jo Key Fact Statement mein likhi hoti hai. Loan offers compare karne ke liye sabse sahi number.
- Average bank balance (ABB)
- Kisi period mein ya har mahine tay dates par account ka average balance, jisse lenders dekhte hain ki aap EMI utha payenge ya nahi.
B
- Balance transfer
- Chal rahe loan ka bakaya kisi naye lender ke paas le jaana, aam taur par kam rate ya behtar shartein ke liye.
- Bounce
- Paise ki kami ya kisi aur wajah se EMI auto-debit ka fail hona ya cheque lautna. Is par charge lagta hai aur loan ke faisle mein yeh aapke khilaaf jaata hai.
- Bullet repayment
- Tenure ke ant mein principal ek baar mein chukana, byaaj beech mein ya ant mein — kuch gold loans mein aam.
C
- Cash credit (CC)
- Business ke liye working capital limit, aam taur par stock aur udhaari ke basis par; byaaj sirf use ki gayi amount par. Working capital loan →
- CGTMSE
- Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises — micro aur small enterprises ke bina collateral loans ke ek hisse ki guarantee deta hai; April 2025 se ₹10 crore tak. Unsecured business loan →
- CIBIL MSME Rank (CMR)
- ₹50 crore tak ke credit wale business ke liye CMR-1 (sabse kam risk) se CMR-10 (sabse zyada risk) tak ki rank.
- CIBIL score
- TransUnion CIBIL ka 300 se 900 ka teen ankon wala credit score, aapki credit history par based. Bharat mein credit score ka aam naam. CIBIL score kitna hona chahiye →
- Co-applicant
- Woh vyakti jo main borrower ke saath loan ke liye apply karta hai aur chukane ka barabar zimmedar hota hai.
- Collateral (girvi)
- Loan ke badle rakhi gayi property — ghar, sona, gaadi, deposit — jise loan na chukne par lender bech sakta hai.
- Cooling-off period
- Digital loan mein paisa milne ke baad ki woh period jismein aap principal aur proportionate APR chuka kar bina penalty loan se bahar nikal sakte hain.
- Credit bureau (CIC)
- Credit records aur scores rakhne wali company. Bharat mein chaar hain: TransUnion CIBIL, Experian, Equifax aur CRIF High Mark.
- Credit utilisation
- Aap apne credit card ki limit ka kitna hissa use karte hain. Ise lagbhag 30% se kam rakhna score ke liye achha hai. CIBIL score kaise badhayein →
D
- Debt consolidation
- Kai karz, aksar mehenge card bakaye, ko ek loan aur ek EMI mein badalna.
- Disbursal
- Jab lender loan amount deta hai — digital loans mein RBI rules ke hisaab se seedha borrower ke bank account mein.
- DPD (Days past due)
- Kisi mahine mein payment kitne din late hua, jaisa credit report mein dikhta hai. 000 ka matlab time par payment.
E
- EBLR
- External Benchmark Lending Rate — bahari benchmark, jaise RBI ki repo rate, se judi floating loan rate, upar se spread ke saath.
- EMI
- Equated Monthly Instalment — loan chukane ke liye har mahine di jaane wali tay amount, jismein byaaj aur principal dono hote hain. EMI calculator →
F
- Fixed rate
- Aisi interest rate jo poore tenure mein ek jaisi rehti hai. Zyadatar personal loans fixed rate wale hote hain.
- Flat rate
- Poore tenure mein original loan ki poori amount par byaaj. Usi number ki reducing rate se mehenga padta hai.
- Floating rate
- Aisi interest rate jo kisi benchmark ke saath tay dates par badalti hai.
- FOIR
- Fixed Obligations to Income Ratio — aapki saari EMIs aapki monthly income ka kitna hissa hain. Lenders isse dekhte hain ki nayi EMI utha payenge ya nahi. Personal loan eligibility →
- Foreclosure
- Tenure khatam hone se pehle poora bakaya chuka kar loan band karna.
G
- Grievance redressal officer
- Lender ya loan platform ka woh vyakti jo shikayatein sunta hai. 30 din mein hal na ho to aap RBI Ombudsman ke paas ja sakte hain. Grievance redressal (English) →
- Guarantor
- Woh vyakti jo vaada karta hai ki borrower na chukaye to woh loan chukayega.
H
- Hard enquiry
- Aapki application par lender dwara credit report ki jaanch. Kam time mein kai enquiries score ghata sakti hain.
- Hypothecation
- Gaadi ya machine jaisi movable property par loan secure karna, jo loan ke dauraan aapke paas hi rehti hai.
K
- Key Fact Statement (KFS)
- Loan ki shartein ka tay format wala saar — APR, fees, EMIs aur shikayat ki jaankari — jo lender ko sign se pehle dena hota hai.
- KYC
- Know Your Customer — aapki pehchaan aur address ki pushti, aam taur par PAN aur Aadhaar ya kisi aur valid document se. Aadhaar card se loan →
L
- LSP (Lending Service Provider)
- Woh company jo bank ya NBFC ki loan sourcing, onboarding ya servicing mein madad karti hai. Loan dilaane wala platform ek LSP hai.
M
- Moratorium
- Lender se tay woh period jismein kishtein ruki ya kam rehti hain. Byaaj aam taur par judta rehta hai.
- Mudra loan
- PM Mudra Yojana ke tahat micro aur chhote non-farm business ke liye loan — Shishu, Kishore, Tarun aur Tarun Plus categories mein ₹20 lakh tak. Mudra loan kya hai →
N
- NACH / e-mandate
- Ek instruction jisse lender due date par aapke bank account se EMI apne aap kaat sakta hai.
- NBFC
- Non-Banking Financial Company — RBI mein registered company jo loan deti hai, lekin savings ya current account nahi khol sakti.
- NOC (No Objection Certificate)
- Lender ka letter jo batata hai ki loan poora chuka diya gaya hai aur ab uska koi daawa nahi.
- NPA (Non-performing asset)
- Aisa loan jis par byaaj ya principal aam taur par 90 din se zyada bakaya ho.
O
- Overdraft (OD)
- Current account par limit jisse balance se zyada nikaal sakte hain; byaaj sirf use ki gayi amount par.
P
- Part-prepayment
- EMI ke upar ekmusht amount de kar bakaya principal ghatana, phir EMI ya tenure kam karna.
- Principal
- Udhaar li gayi amount, ya uska bacha hua hissa, jis par byaaj lagta hai.
- Processing fee
- Loan process karne ki ek baar ki fee, aam taur par amount ka kuch percent, upar se GST.
R
- Reducing-balance rate
- Har mahine sirf bache hue bakaye par byaaj. Zyadatar bank aur NBFC loans ka tareeka.
- Repo rate
- Woh rate jis par RBI banks ko kam time ke liye paisa udhaar deta hai; iske badlaav isse judi floating loan rates mein aate hain.
S
- Sanction letter
- Lender ka letter jo loan approve karta hai, amount, rate, tenure aur shartein ke saath.
- Secured loan
- Girvi par diya gaya loan, jaise home loan, gold loan ya property par loan.
- Settled account
- Aisa loan jo lender ne poori amount se kam lekar band kiya. Report mein 'settled' dikhta hai aur saalon tak credit ko nuksaan pahunchata hai.
T
- Tenure
- Woh time jismein loan chukaya jaata hai, aam taur par mahino mein.
- Top-up loan
- Pehle se chal rahe loan par usi lender se milne wala extra loan.
U
- Udyam registration
- Micro, small aur medium enterprises ke liye free sarkari registration, jisse MSME certificate milta hai. MSME loan →
- Unsecured loan
- Bina girvi, income aur credit record ke bharose diya gaya loan — jaise personal loan. Unsecured business loan →
W
- Working capital
- Business ko roz chalane mein laga paisa — stock, udhaari aur dendari. Working capital loan →
- Written-off account
- Aisa loan jise lender ne vasooli ki ummeed na hone par apne khaaton se hata diya. Karz bana rehta hai aur report mein bada negative nishaan hai.
Shuru karne ke liye taiyaar?
Loan chunein, thodi jaankari dein aur dekhein ki aap kin offers ke liye eligible ho sakte hain — koi zabardasti nahi.
- Ek hi application
- Paperless, AA se
- Koi zabardasti nahi